WIPO Pearl - User Guide

- A -

abbreviated form: any abbreviation, short form, initialism, acronym or clipped term
abbreviation only: enables the user to restrict a query to terms to which the value abbreviated form has been attributed
adj.: adjective; value of part of speech field
adv.: adverb; value of part of speech field
allowed: term currently used within the scientific and technical community and for which a reliable source has been documented
associative relation: relation that exists when there is a thematic (non-hierarchical) connection between two concepts. Examples of associative relations include material-product, process-instrument, cause-effect
avoid: term the use of which is strongly discouraged on account of its inherent ambiguity, lack of standardization or because it is deprecated

- C -

chemical name: scientific name for a chemical substance
common name: synonym for a scientific name that is used in general discourse in a given language
concept: unit of knowledge comprising a unique combination of characteristics
concept cloud: diagram suggesting relationships between concepts not yet linked to other concepts in a specific area of scientific or technical knowledge. The suggestions are made by a machine learning algorithm trained on the corpus of validated contexts and concept relationships in WIPO Pearl.
concept map: diagram illustrating the relationships existing between concepts in a specific area of scientific or technical knowledge
concept path: the path between two concepts in a concept map, showing all the related concepts in between. Terms found in a concept path can be exported to PATENTSCOPE for use in a combined keyword search
context: text that illustrates a concept or the use of a term

- D -

definition: explains the meaning of a term
definition source: source from which the definition is taken

- E -

exact search: enables the user to restrict a query to terms that fully match the query or that contain the queried term

- F -

f.: feminine; value of gender field
formula: figures, symbols or the like used to designate a concept such as a mathematical or chemical formula
full form: complete representation of a term for which an abbreviated form exists
full record view: shows the full terminological record for a concept in the languages selected

- G -

gender: gender of a term, i.e. masculine, feminine or neuter
generic name: non-proprietary name with which a certain type of product or service is identified as distinct from its trade or brand name
generic relation: hierarchical relation that exists between two concepts when the scope of the narrower concept (specific concept) includes the scope of the broader concept (generic concept) plus at least one additional characteristic. For example, in computer science, an optical mouse (specific concept) is a type of mouse (generic concept)
geographical variant: alternative spelling of a term identified as belonging to a specific geographical area in which a variant of a language is spoken
graphic: diagram, picture, movie or other audiovisual material used to illustrate the concept
graphic source: source from which a graphic is taken

- H -

head term: preferred designation for a concept

- M -

m.: masculine; value of gender field

- N -

n.: noun; value of part of speech field
nt.: neuter; value of gender field
number: number of a term, i.e. singular, plural, uncountable

- O -

obsolete: term that is no longer in common use
original entry language (OEL): language that originally prompted the creation of a record; may also indicate language-specific concepts

- P -

part of speech: grammatical category of a term, i.e. adjective, adverb, noun or verb
partitive relation: hierarchical relation that exists between two concepts when the broader concept (comprehensive concept) represents a whole whilst the narrower concept (partitive concept) represents a part of that whole. For example, in anatomy, the retina, pupil and iris (partitive concepts) are parts of the eye (comprehensive concept)
pl.: plural; value of number field
proposed term: term for a concept for which no specific designation is documented in a reliable source in the scientific and technical literature of a given language; or new term created by the PCT Translation Service, WIPO

- R -

recommended: term that the PCT Translation Service, WIPO, recommends for use to designate a concept in a specific subject field
record: termbase entry that treats a single specific concept and contains terms designating that concept in a minimum of 2 languages and a maximum of 10
reliable source: any text in which a term occurs that was originally drafted by a subject field expert in the language in question; reliable sources include, for example, patents, scientific and technical articles and textbooks, academic papers
results view: shows the results of the query

- S -

scientific name: term which is part of an international scientific nomenclature as adopted by an appropriate scientific body
search concept: allows the user to search for a term directly in the concept maps
search term: allows the user to search for a term in term and transcription fields; the logic operators AND, OR, NOT, and the asterisk (*), the question mark (?) and the quotation marks (“”) are also supported
sing.: singular; value of number field
source: source from which a context is taken
source language: any language from amongst the 10 languages available from which the search is conducted
spelling variant: alternative spelling for a term that is not associated with a specific geographical area
standardized: term that has been standardized by a standardizing body
subfield: area of scientific or technical knowledge that is more specific than the broader subject field to which a concept is assigned
subject field: area of scientific or technical knowledge to which a concept is assigned
synonym: any admitted designation that represents the same concept as the head term

- T -

target language

any language from amongst the 10 languages available in which an equivalent is sought

term

designation that represents a concept in a specific subject field

term description

provides information about the term and its usage; possible values for this field are: abbreviated form, chemical name, common name, formula, full form, generic name, geographical variant, scientific name, spelling variant, and unit

term note

provides etymological and phraseological information, information on term usage, frequent collocations of the term, and similar points of interest

term reliability

score that assigns a reliability rating to a given term according to the following criteria:

no reliable source, validation by PCT Translation Service, WIPO
no reliable source, validation by PCT Translation Service, WIPO, and by external subject field experts
reliable source, validation by PCT Translation Service, WIPO
reliable source, validation by PCT Translation Service, WIPO, and by external subject field experts

term type

indicates whether for a given concept the term in question should be regarded as the preferred term (head term) or not (synonym)

transcription

alternative form of a term resulting from an operation whereby the characters of one writing system are represented by characters from another writing system

transfer comment

provides information on the degree of equivalence between a term in one language and another term in another language to designate a given concept

- U -

uncount.: uncountable, i.e. mass noun; value of number field
unit: unit of measurement or quantity measured
usage label: level of acceptance of a term within the scientific and technical community; possible values for this field are: allowed, avoid, obsolete, proposed term, recommended, standardized

- V -

v.: verb; value of part of speech field
variant code: ISO code for a specific geographical variant

- W -

WIPO MT: Statistical machine translation system devised by WIPO experts and trained on the corpus of patent titles and abstracts available in PATENTSCOPE